第57章
《新东方语法讲座》章节:第57章,宠文网网友提供全文无弹窗免费在线阅读。!
(强调状语) It is the people who are realy powerful.
翻译练习
1)该上课了,快。 It is time for class. Hurry up. 2)从这儿到你们学校远吗??不远,大约一公里。 Is it far from here to your school? ?No, it isn’t. It’s about a kilometer. 3)从我家到颐和园去很近。 It is very near from my home to the Summer Palace. 4)(天)正在下雨。 It’s raining now.
5)电灯是爱迪生发明的。 It was Edison who invented the electric light. 6)我认为学习一门外语是很重要的。 I think it important to learn a foreign language. 7)他通常一天读两次英语。 He made it a rule to read English twice a day. 8)从我家去天安门广场坐公共汽车大约要一个小时。 It takes about an hour to go from my home to the Tian’anmen Square by bus.
反意疑问句
反意疑问句相当于“对不对?”“好不好?”“行不行?”,用yes或 no 回答。由两部分组成,前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是附加疑问短语,中间用逗号隔开,所以反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句。通常的形式是:肯定的陈述句+否定的附加疑问,或否定的陈述句+肯定的附加疑问。 如: He studies English, doesn’t he? He doesn’t study English, does he? They are from America, aren’t they? They are not from America, are they?
反意疑问句的主要形式: 1.如果主句是be或其他助动词(如can, shall, will 等),其反意疑问句用同一助动词。 如: We are late, aren’t we? You haven’t met my wife, have you? He can drive a car, can’t he? They used to have difficulty in just making ends meet, didn’t (usedn’t) they? You’d better eat with knives and forks, hadn’t you? 2.如果主语带有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little等否定词或半否定词时,因为主句本身具有否定意义,附加疑问部分的动词用肯定式, 如: We seldom go to the cinema, do we? Sue almost never worked, did she? 3.如果主句部分是 “I am…”结构,由于”am not” 没有相应的缩略形式,附加疑问部分一般用aren’t I 代替。 如: I am your friend, aren’t I? I’m late, aren’t I? I am a student, aren’t I? 在祈使句中的附加疑问部分一般用will you, won’t you. 4. 在祈使句中的附加疑问部分一般用will you, won’t you. 如: Sit down, will you? Have some tea, won’t you? Open the window, won’t you? 这种句子可以理解为: Will you do something? 如:Will you open the window? 注意:否定的祈使句之后,只能用will. 如: Don’t forget, will you? Don’t make so much noise, will you? 5.以Let’s… 开头的祈使句,肯定的用shall we? 否定的用all right? 或OK?, 如: Let’s go back to our seats, shall we? Let’s not have hot food this time, OK? (all right?) 这种句子可以理解为:Shall we (do something?), 如:Shall we go back to our seats.这样有助于理解和记忆。
注意:Let’s 与Let us 的区别:Let’s包括听话人在内,应用shall we, 而Let us 不包括听话人在内,表示“请你让我们…”,要用will you. 如: Let’s watch the news on TV, shall we? (表示建议) Let us watch the news on TV, will you? (表示请求)
6.主句是I suppose, I think, I believe等时,附加疑问部分则往往与that 从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意否定的转移。 如: I suppose that you know the meaning of the word, don’t you? (这句话明显是要问“你是不是知道?”而不是问“我是不是这样认为?”) I don’t think that you have read the book, have you?
7.当主句的动词have 表示“拥有”时,附加疑问既可用have, 也可用do, 如: You have a color TV set, haven’t you/don’t you?
当主句的have不表示“拥有”而表示其他意思时,附加疑问要用do, 如: You had a cold yesterday, didn’t you? They don’t have coffee with breakfast, do they?
8.There be句型的反意疑问句,用there 作主语。 如: There is something wrong, isn’t there? There won’t be any trouble, will there? 不会有任何麻烦,是吗? 9.陈述部分的主语是everyone, someone, anyone, no one, nobody等不定代词时,其疑问部分的主语可用he, 也可用they. 如: Everyone knows it, doesn’t he/don’t they?
英语反意疑问句的回答有点和汉语的相反。但一定要记住:只要回答是肯定的,都用yes,只要回答是否定的,都用no。这在主句是否定句的时候要特别注意。例如: Mr. Jones can’t speak French, can he? ?No, he can’t. 琼斯先生不会讲法语,对吗??对,他不会讲法语。 Mr. Jones can’t speak French, can he? ?Yes, he can. 琼斯先生不会讲法语,对吗??不,他会讲法语。 This is not a door, is it? -Yes, it is. It is an iron door. 这不是门,对吗??不,这是门。是扇铁门。
练习
完成下列反意疑问句,并译出后面的回答。 1)There is a dog under the tree, _____? 是的,有。 →isn’t there? Yes, there is. 2)They are laughing at me, ____? 不,没有。/ 对,是的。 →aren’t they? No, they aren’t. / Yes, they are. 3)We haven’t visited that college, _____? 对,还没有。 →have we? No, we haven’t. 4)She wants to be a nurse, _____? 不,她不想。/是的,她想。 →doesn’t she? No, she doesn’t. /Yes, she does. 5)Girls don’t smoke, ____?